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Changelog

Source: NEWS.md

igraph 2.0.3.9011

Continuous integration

  • Use other conflict checker action.

  • Add conflicts checker for PRs.

igraph 2.0.3.9010

Features

  • Generate all bindings (#1044).

Chore

Continuous integration

  • Run examples with comment \dontrun{} (#1310).

Refactoring

  • Names in update-cigraph.sh script (#1287).

igraph 2.0.3.9009

Continuous integration

Refactoring

  • Move variables closer to their usage, add explaining variables (#1336).

  • Breaking change: use rlang::arg_match() in igraph.match.arg() (#1165).

  • Explaining variables (#1326).

Breaking changes

igraph 2.0.3.9008

Refactoring

  • Less if else in vertex_attr() (#1324).

  • Add assert_named_list() helper to assert the value is a named list with no duplicate names (#1322).

Testing

  • Use largest_component() and expect_equal() in test files (#1323).

Uncategorized

  • Sample_forestfire() tests and example 🔥 (#1318).

igraph 2.0.3.9007

Features

Refactoring

  • Early return() in graph_attr() (#1320).

igraph 2.0.3.9006

Documentation

Testing

  • Add skip condition for rglplot test (#1306).

igraph 2.0.3.9005

Documentation

  • Update igraph.Rmd, fix manual page typo (#1313).

igraph 2.0.3.9004

Continuous integration

  • Remove running examples in sanitizer (#1314).

igraph 2.0.3.9003

Continuous integration

  • Update lock.yaml.

  • Update lock.yaml (#1309).

igraph 2.0.3.9002

Chore

igraph 2.0.3.9001

  • Internal changes only.

igraph 2.0.3.9000

  • Merge branch ‘cran-2.0.3’.

igraph 2.0.3

CRAN release: 2024-03-13

See https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/blob/3299d31/src/vendor/cigraph/CHANGELOG.md for a complete changelog of the bundled C core, and https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/compare/f3fa58b..3299d31#diff-aeb78e0159780a9b26daabaf6f95f450b0cfec7161fc735f27ad69145a57dc84 for the changes since the igraph 2.0.1. (A permanent link to the most recent changelog of the C core used in the R package is https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/blob/main/src/vendor/cigraph/CHANGELOG.md.)

Features

Bug fixes

  • Fix rglplot(edge_label = ) (#1267).

Continuous integration

  • Run examples with sanitizer (#1288).
  • Add scheduled builds.

Documentation

  • Make x11() usage in example happen only in interactive sessions (#1301).
  • Remove misleading comment about warning given as no warning is given (#1294).
  • Improve min_st_separators() documentation (#1264).
  • Add link to discussion forum (#1279) and logo (#1280).
  • Add code finding duplicate @seealso, and use it (#1270).
  • Remove duplicate @seealso from ?sample_pa (#1268).
  • Remove incorrect claim about handling of complete graphs by is_separator() and is_min_separator() (#1263).
  • Fix error messages mentioning to mention upgrade_graph() instead of the nonexisting upgrade_version() (#1252).
  • Split is_bipartite() manual page from other manual page (#1230).
  • Improve bug report template.
  • CITATION.cff contains only the first three version components.
  • Install lock workflow to lock stale discussions after one year (#1304).

Internal

igraph 2.0.2

CRAN release: 2024-02-17

See https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/blob/f3fa58b/src/vendor/cigraph/CHANGELOG.md for a complete changelog of the bundled C core, and https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/compare/1bd2bf79..f3fa58b#diff-aeb78e0159780a9b26daabaf6f95f450b0cfec7161fc735f27ad69145a57dc84 for the changes since the igraph 2.0.1. (A permanent link to the most recent changelog of the C core used in the R package is https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/blob/main/src/vendor/cigraph/CHANGELOG.md.)

Bug fixes

  • g + vertices(1, 2, foo = 3) works again, regression introduced in igraph 2.0.0 (#1247).
  • sample_pa() respects the out.seq and out.dist arguments again, regression introduced in igraph 2.0.0 (#1226).
  • isomorphisms() and subgraph_isomorphisims(method = "vf2") work again, regression introduced in 2.0.0 (#1219).
  • biconnected_components() now returns edge and vertex sequences again, regression introduced in 2.0.0 (#1213).
  • Remove zeros from the order and order.out components returned by dfs(), regression introduced in 2.0.0 (#1179).
  • Memory leaks when converting data to C (#1196).

Features

Documentation

  • Use more culturally diverse names in intro vignettes (#1246).
  • Formatting tweaks in introductory vignettes (#1243).
  • Recommend {pak} instead of {remotes} (#1228).
  • Fix typo in mean_distance() docs.
  • Update troubleshooting document, emphasize issues with Anaconda environments (#1209).
  • Improved docs for shortest path functions (#1201).
  • Document "dsatur" heuristic for greedy_vertex_coloring() (#1206).
  • Remove scg related docs (#1167).
  • Fix typo in ?articulation_points (#1191).
  • Improve installation and troubleshooting instructions (#1184).
  • Improve docs of assortativity (#1151).

Testing

Packaging

  • Always use bundled mini-gmp (#1233).
  • config.h defines HAVE___UINT128_T (#1216).
  • Do not rely on which program during configuration (#1232).
  • configure manage libxml multiple include paths (#1197).
  • Remove empty string in configure (#1235).
  • Link Fortran runtime on Windows as needed by arpack. (#1215).
  • Workaround for deprecated enum values not being supported with old GCC (#1205).
  • HAVE_GFORTRAN flag for win and ucrt (#1171).
  • make_empty_graph() is now fully auto-generated (#1068).
  • Eliminate manual edits from autogenerated files (#1207).
  • Add read-only comments for RStudio IDE (#1152).

Internal

  • Remove unused patch files (#1234).
  • Update stimulus to 0.21.4 (#1210).
  • Avoid duplicate objects (#1223).
  • Eliminate a compiler warning from simpleraytracer (#1185).

igraph 2.0.1.1

CRAN release: 2024-01-30

Bug fixes

  • Avoid is.R() which is deprecated in R 4.4.0.

igraph 2.0.1

CRAN release: 2024-01-29

Bug fixes

  • Use cpp11 for simpleraytracer glue to avoid -Wlto warnings (#1163).

igraph 2.0.0

This major release brings development in line with the C core at https://github.com/igraph/igraph. See https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/blob/1bd2bf79/src/vendor/cigraph/CHANGELOG.md for a complete changelog, in particular the section “Breaking changes”. (A permanent link to the most recent changelog of the C core used in the R package is https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/blob/main/src/vendor/cigraph/CHANGELOG.md.)

Version 1.6.0 of the R package used version 0.9.9 of the C core. The changes in the 0.10 series of the C core are relevant for version 2.0.0 of the R package, but not all C core functions are exposed in the R interface. Changes to the implementation of some functions in the C core may be reflected in functions in the R package.

The change log below is a summary of the additional changes in the R interface.

Breaking changes

Bug fixes

  • Add scalar conversion checks in a few critical places (#1069).

  • Check that we receive a scalar when expecting a scalar in C code (#1051).

  • Check that matrix sizes are in the supported range before passing them to R (#1066).

  • transitivity() now produces a named vector in the local (weighted) case (#1057).

  • plot() correctly computes intersections between edges and rectangle vertices (#1021).

  • Fix compilation on Windows with spaces in the Rtools path (#1000).

Features

  • Use 30 bits of R’s RNG (#1079).

  • Breaking change: Remove NA padding for dfs(unreachable = FALSE)$order and $order.out and for bfs(unreachable = FALSE)$order, also for igraph_options(return.vs.es = FALSE) (#1062, #1124).

  • New k_shortest_paths() to compute the first k shortest paths between two vertices (#1028).

Documentation

Internal

  • Use [] assignment for converting matrices (#1035).

  • Move towards autogenerating all bindings (#1043).

  • Use %||% from rlang (#1112).

  • Replace loop by lapply() when returning vertex and edge sets (#1033).

  • Do not duplicate prototypes, use a common header for rinterface.c and rinterface_extra.c (#1055).

  • Clean up some auto-generation code (#1031), remove unused parts from code generation (#1032), eliminate the use of some deprecated C functions.

  • Use integers for mode enum in cluster_label_prop().

  • Standardize the handling of some stimulus enum types (#1064).

  • Remove unused vectorlist / matrixlist destructors (#1070).

  • Remove unused stimulus type VERTEXSETLIST_INT (#1049).

  • Remove unused types (#1060).

  • Fix Stimulus definitions (#997).

  • Avoid deprecated R_igraph_automorphisms() (#999).

  • Use new ARPACK_DEFAULTS symbol from C core for default arpack options.

  • Ignore upstream CITATION file to avoid R CMD check NOTE (#1007).

  • Add Aviator configuration.

Testing

igraph 1.6.0

CRAN release: 2023-12-11

Breaking changes

  • New arpack_defaults() replaces igraph.arpack.default and arpack_defaults lists (#800), with consistent usage checks (#966).

  • Define methods for ape::as.phylo() instead of own as_phylo() generic, remove deprecated asPhylo() (#763).

  • bfs() with unreachable nodes returns zero instead of NaN as rank (#956), and negative instead of NaN for dist (#926).

  • random_walk() adds one more step, the resulting list of vertices is of length steps + 1 (#934).

  • girth() returns Inf for acyclic graphs (#931).

  • Remove some behaviour / parameters that were deprecated in 1.3 (#842).

  • Remove scg_eps(), scg_group() and scg_semi_proj(), broken and no longer maintained (#946).

Bug fixes

  • Fix printf() warning (#975).

  • Fix calls to isSymmetric() for matrix objects with a class (#965).

  • Reduce frequency of interruption checks (#957).

Features

  • Change “incidence matrix” naming to “biadjacency matrix” (#962).

  • Add aliases using the neighborhood terminology for all ego functions: (#950).

  • Rename arguments to assortativity(values, values.in) from types1 and types2 (#952).

  • Add ellipsis to cluster_label_prop() (#954).

  • Placeholders for is_acyclic() and is_forest(), to be implemented in igraph 2.0.0 (#945).

  • is_tree(details = TRUE) designates the first vertex as root for non-trees (#935).

  • all_shortest_paths() returns the vertex list in both res and vpaths components (#930).

  • Improve symmetry check for adjacency matrices on input (#911).

  • Warn if non-symmetric undirected adjacency matrix (#904).

Documentation

  • Remove duplicate \seealso{} (#948).

  • Update knnk() and sir() docs.

  • Fix formula in reciprocity() docs.

  • strength() does not give a warning when no weights are given.

  • Update sample_smallworld() manual page (#895).

  • Correct documentation for weighted cliques.

  • Update Erdos-Renyi model docs.

Testing

igraph 1.5.1

CRAN release: 2023-08-10

Breaking changes

Bug fixes

Internal

  • Change ownership rules of attribute objects (#870).

  • R_SEXP_to_igraph() and R_SEXP_to_igraph_copy() get igraph_t object from external pointer (#865).

  • Remove ETIME() call from Fortran code, already in CRAN version 1.5.0.1 (#858).

  • Ensure that _GNU_SOURCE is always defined (#877).

  • Fix make clean (#860).

  • Fix generation of code for functions with VERTEX_COLOR out-arguments (#850).

  • Use -lquadmath in Makevars.win, for compatibility with alternative R distributions such as Microsoft R Open (#855).

  • getRversion() uses strings.

Documentation

  • Add cffr file and a GHA workflow that updates it automatically (#873).

  • Undeprecate neighborhood() (#851).

  • Remove redundant reference to AUTHORS from DESCRIPTION.

Refactoring

igraph 1.5.0

CRAN release: 2023-06-16

Breaking changes

The internal format of graph objects has changed in a mostly backward-compatible way, to prepare for upgrading the C core to 0.10. Details are described at https://github.com/igraph/rigraph/wiki/The-igraph-object-format. Accessing graph objects that have been created with an older igraph version give a clean error message with instructions (#832). The new format cannot be read by igraph 1.4.3 or older, the following error is raised when trying to do so:

This graph was created by an old(er) igraph version.
  Call upgrade_graph() on it to use with the current igraph version
  For now we convert it on the fly...
Error in is_directed(object) : 
  REAL() can only be applied to a 'numeric', not a 'NULL'

The only supported remedy is to upgrade the igraph package to version 1.5.0 or later.

graph_version() now returns an integer scalar (#832, #847), 4 as of igraph 1.5.0 (#835).

Features

Bug fixes

  • Fix error message in make_graph() when simplify = ... is used with a non-formula (#834).

Testing

Documentation

Internal

  • Add data for old igraph versions as constructed objects, and tests (#838).

  • Ensure we’re always using named indexes to access the internal data structure (#784).

  • Prepare migration to igraph/C 0.10 (#781).

  • Update generated interface (#765).

igraph 1.4.3

CRAN release: 2023-05-22

Internal

  • Fix tests for dev waldo (#779, @hadley).

  • Fix linking on Windows: gfortran needs quadmath. (#778).

Documentation

  • Mention limitation of Pajek reader (#776).

igraph 1.4.2

CRAN release: 2023-04-07

Breaking changes

C core

  • Update C core.

  • ARPACK-based calculations are now interruptible.

  • shortest_paths() and all_shortest_paths() no longer crash when an invalid from vertex is passed and weights are being used.

See diff for details.

Printing

  • Use true vertex names for printing vertex sets. If a vertex set captures a relationship between vertices (e.g., the father component of bfs()), the vertex set is printed as a named vector (#754).

  • Suggest restarting R session after fatal error (#745).

Bug fixes

  • as_long_data_frame() now correctly processes vertex attributes and works with graphs without vertex attributes (#748).

  • as.hclust(hrg.fit(g)) works again (#721).

Documentation

Internal

  • Introduce cpp11 package to improve error handling in the long run (#720).

  • Avoid longjmp for error handling and interrupts (#751).

  • as.hclust.igraphHRG uses .Call() interface (#727).

igraph 1.4.1

CRAN release: 2023-02-24

Bug fixes

  • console() now works again and provides a Tcl/Tk based UI where igraph can post status messages and progress info (#664).

  • Fix errors when printing long vertex names (#677, @ahmohamed).

  • Fix regression that broke builds on some systems (e.g., GCC version 5 or earlier), introduced in igraph 1.4.0 (#670, #671).

  • fit_hrg() does not crash any more when called with a graph that has less than three vertices.

Documentation

Internal

  • Fix warning about yyget_leng() returning wrong type when using LTO (#676).

  • Don’t mention C++11 or C++17 for best compatibility with both newest R and older compilers, while still requesting a C++ compiler for linking.

  • Don’t ignore build/ when building the package because the vignette index is built there.

  • Skip plot test entirely on R-devel.

  • Avoid submodules for building igraph (#674).

  • Makevars cleanup (#671).

  • Add Zenodo configuration file.

igraph 1.4.0

CRAN release: 2023-02-10

Breaking changes

  • Breaking change: Allow change of attribute type when setting attribute for all vertices or edges; only attributes of length 1 or the length of the target set allowed (#633).

Added

  • tkplot() gained a palette argument and it is now using the same palette as plot() by default, for sake of consistency.
  • plot.igraph() gained a loop.size argument that can be used to scale the common radius of the loop edges.

Fixed

  • The default maximum number of iterations for ARPACK has been increased to 3000 to match that of the igraph C core.
  • Rare convergence problems have been corrected in cluster_leading_eigen().
  • All ARPACK-based functions now respect random seeds set in R when generating a random starting vector.
  • igraph_version() returned an invalid value in 1.3.4, this is now corrected.
  • The value of par(xpd=...) is now restored after plotting a graph.
  • Fixed a bug in as.dendrogram.communities() for large dendrograms, thanks to @pkharchenko (see PR #292).
  • Fixed two bugs in graph_from_incidence_matrix() that prevented the creation of directed graphs with mode="all" from dense or sparse matrices.
  • dfs() accidentally returned zero-based root vertex indices in the result object; this is now fixed and the indices are now 1-based.
  • as_graphnel() does not duplicate loop edges any more.
  • as_graphnel() now checks that the input graph has no multi-edges. Multi-edges are not supported by the graphNEL class.
  • convex_hull() now returns the vertices of the convex hull with 1-based indexing.
  • Some rgl.*() function calls in the codebase were replaced with equivalent *3d() function calls in preparation for upcoming deprecations in rgl (see PR #619)
  • plot.igraph() does not use the frame=... partial argument any more when calling plot.default(). The default NULL value of frame.plot is now also handled correctly.
  • hub_score() and authority_score() considered self-loops only once on the diagonal of the adjacency matrix of undirected graphs, thus the result was not identical to that obtained by eigen_centrality() on loopy undirected graphs. This is now corrected.
  • distances() no longer ignores the mode parameter when algorithm='johnson'.

Deprecated

Other

  • Documentation improvements.
  • The Github repository was now moved to a single-branch setup where the package can be built from the main branch directly.
  • Added igraph extended tutorial as an R vignette (#587).
  • igraph now has a homepage based on pkgdown thanks to @maelle (see #645). This will eventually become the official homepage.

igraph 1.3.5

CRAN release: 2022-09-22

Added:

  • mark.groups=... argument of plot.igraph() now accepts communities objects

Fixed:

  • Negative degree exponents are not allowed any more in sample_pa() and sample_aging_pa().

  • Package updated to be compatible with Matrix 1.5.

Other:

  • Documentation improvements and fixes.

igraph 1.3.4

CRAN release: 2022-07-19

Added:

  • sample_asym_pref() now returns the generated types of the vertices in the vertex attributes named outtype and intype.

Fixed:

  • layout_nicely() does not recurse infinitely any more if it is assigned to the layout attribute of a graph

  • layout_nicely() now ignores edge weights when there are non-positive edge weights. This is needed because igraph 1.3.3 started validating edge weights in layout_with_fr() and layout_with_drl(), resulting in errors when layout_nicely() was used on weighted graphs with negative weights. Since layout_nicely() is the default layout algorithm for plot(), most users were not even aware that they were using the FR or DrL layouts behind the scenes. Now the policy is that layout_nicely() attempts to get the job done without errors if possible, even if that means that edge weights must be ignored. A warning is printed if this is the case.

igraph 1.3.3

CRAN release: 2022-07-14

Added:

  • reverse_edges() reverses specific or all edges in a graph.

  • Single-bracket indexing of V() and E() resolves attribute names in the indexing expressions by default (for instance, E(g)[weight > x] matches edges with a weight larger than a threshold). This can be problematic if the attribute masks one of the variables in the local evaluation context. We now have a pronoun called .env (similarly to rlang::.env) that allows you to force attribute name lookup to the calling environment. For sake of completeness, we also provide .data (similarly to rlang::.data) to force attribute name lookup to the vertex / edge attributes only. These pronouns are automatically injected into the environment where the indexing expression is evaluated.

Deprecated:

  • Names of functions that can be used inside a V() or E() indexing start with a dot since igraph 1.1.1; however, the old dotless names did not print a deprecation warning so this may have gone unnoticed for years. We are introducting a deprecation warning for nei(), innei(), outnei(), inc(), from() and to() inside single-bracket indexing of vertex and edge sequences and will remove the old variants soon.

igraph 1.3.2

CRAN release: 2022-06-13

The C core is updated to 0.9.9, fixing a range of bugs.

Fixed:

  • The length of size-zero communities objects is now reported correctly.
  • layout_with_kk() would fail to produce reasonable results with the default initial coordinates. This has been corrected, however, this function no longer produces precisely the same output for a given graph as before. To restore the previous behaviour, use layout_with_kk(g, coord=layout_in_circle(g)) in 2D or layout_with_kk(g, dim=3, coord=layout_on_sphere(g)) in 3D.
  • Indexing an igraph.vs object with v[x, na_ok=T] now correctly handles the na_ok argument in all cases; previous versions ignored it when x was a single number.

Other:

  • Documentation improvements and fixes.

igraph 1.3.1

CRAN release: 2022-04-20

Fixed:

  • graph_from_adjacency_matrix() now works with sparse matrices even if the cell values in the sparse matrix are unspecified.
  • Fixed crash in cluster_walktrap() when modularity=FALSE and membership=FALSE.
  • cluster_walktrap() no longer accepts invalid weight vectors.
  • cluster_walktrap() no longer returns a modularity vector of invalid length for disconnected graphs. This also fixes some rare failures of this function on weighted disconnected graphs.
  • edge_attr() does not ignore its index=... argument any more.
  • automorphisms(), automorphism_group() and canonical_permutation() now allow all possible values supported by the C core in the sh argument. Earlier versions supported only "fm".
  • The vertex.frame.width plotting parameter now allows zero and negative values; these will simply remove the outline of the corresponding vertex.
  • The documentation of the sh argument of the BLISS isomorphism algorithm in isomorphic() was fixed; earlier versions incorrectly referred to sh1 and sh2.
  • dominator_tree() now conforms to its documentation with respect to the dom component of the result: it contains the indices of the dominator vertices for each vertex and -1 for the root of the dominator tree.
  • Mentions of the "power" algorithm of page_rank() have been removed from the documentation, as this method is no longer available.
  • Several other documentation fixes to bring the docs up to date with new behaviours in igraph 1.3.

igraph 1.3.0

CRAN release: 2022-04-01

The C core is updated to 0.9.7, fixing a range of bugs and introducing a number of new functions.

Added:

  • has_eulerian_path() and has_eulerian_cycle() decides whether there is an Eulerian path or cycle in the graph.
  • eulerian_path() and eulerian_cycle() returns the edges and vertices in an Eulerian path or cycle in the graph.
  • any_loop() checks whether a graph contains at least one loop edge.
  • is_tree() checks whether a graph is a tree and also finds a possible root
  • to_prufer() converts a tree graph into its Prufer sequence
  • make_from_prufer() creates a tree graph from its Prufer sequence
  • sample_tree() to sample labelled trees uniformly at random
  • sample_spanning_tree() to sample spanning trees of an undirected graph uniformly at random
  • automorphisms() and canonical_permutation() now supports vertex colors
  • random_edge_walk() to record the edges traversed during a random walk
  • harmonic_centrality() calculates the harmonic centrality of vertices, optionally with a cutoff on path lengths
  • mean_distance() now supports edge weights and it can also return the number of unconnected vertex pairs when details=TRUE is passed as an argument
  • greedy_vertex_coloring() finds vertex colorings based on a simple greedy algorithm.
  • bridges() finds the bridges (cut-edges) of a graph
  • The frame width of circle, rectangle and square vertex shapes can now be adjusted on plots with the frame.width vertex attribute or the vertex.frame.width keyword argument, thanks to @simoncarrignon . See PR #500 for more details.
  • automorphism_group() returns a possible (not necessarily minimal) generating set of the automorphism group of a graph.
  • global_efficiency() calculates the global efficiency of the graph.
  • local_efficiency() calculates the local efficiency of each vertex in a graph.
  • average_local_efficiency() calculates the average local efficiency across the set of vertices in a graph.
  • rewire(each_edge(...)) now supports rewiring only one endpoint of each edge.
  • realize_degseq() generates graphs from degree sequences in a deterministic manner. It is also available as make_(degseq(..., deterministic=TRUE)).
  • clique_size_counts() counts cliques of different sizes without storing them all.
  • feedback_arc_set() finds a minimum-weight feedback arc set in a graph, either with an exact integer programming algorithm or with a linear-time approximation.
  • make_bipartite_graph() now handles vertices with names.
  • shortest_paths() now supports graphs with negative edge weights.
  • min_cut() now supports s-t mincuts even if value.only=FALSE.
  • as.matrix() now supports converting an igraph graph to an adjacency or edge list matrix representation. See as.matrix.igraph() for more details. This function was migrated from intergraph; thanks to Michal Bojanowski.

Fixed:

  • is_connected() now returns FALSE for the null graph
  • Calling length() on a graph now returns the number of vertices to make it consistent with indexing the graph with [[.
  • diameter() now corrently returns infinity for disconnected graphs when unconnected=FALSE. Previous versions returned the number of vertices plus one, which was clearly invalid for weighted graphs.
  • mean_distance() now correctly treats the path length between disconnected vertices as infinite when unconnected=FALSE. Previous versions used the number of vertices plus one, adding a bias towards this number, even if the graph was weighted and the number of vertices plus one was not a path length that could safely have been considered as being longer than any “valid” path.
  • layout_with_sugiyama() now handles the case of exactly one extra virtual node correctly; fixes #85
  • bfs() and dfs() callback functions now correctly receive 1-based vertex indices and ranks; it used to be zero-based in earlier versions
  • Accidentally returning a non-logical value from a bfs() or dfs() callback does not crash R any more
  • Calling print() on a graph with a small max.lines value (smaller than the number of lines needed to print the attribute list and the header) does not raise an error any more; fixes #179
  • as_adjacency_matrix(edges=TRUE, sparse=TRUE) now consistently returns the last edge ID for each cell in the matrix instead of summing them.
  • Using the + and - operators with a path() object consisting of two vertices is now handled correctly; fixes #355
  • topo_sort() now throws an error if the input graph is not acyclic instead of returning an incorrect partial ordering.
  • Weighted transitivity calculations (i.e. transitivity(mode="barrat") now throw an error for multigraphs; the implementation does not work correctly for multigraphs and earlier versions did not warn about this.

Changed:

  • The neimode argument of bfs() and dfs() was renamed to mode for sake of consistency with other functions. The old argument name is deprecated and will be removed in 1.4.0.
  • bfs() and dfs() callback functions now correctly receive 1-based vertex indices and ranks; it used to be zero-based in earlier versions. (This is actually a bugfix so it’s also mentioned in the “Fixed” section).
  • closeness(), betweenness() and edge_betweenness() now all take a cutoff argument on their own. estimate_closeness(), estimate_betweenness() and estimate_edge_betweenness() became aliases, with identical signature. They are not deprecated but their implementation might change in future versions to provide proper estimation schemes instead of a simple cutoff-based approximation. If you explicitly need cutoffs and you want your results to be reproducible with future versions, use closeness(), betweenness() and edge_betweenness() in your code with a cutoff argument.
  • closeness() now only considers reachable vertices during the calculation; in other words, closeness centrality is now calculated on a per-component basis for disconnected graphs. Earlier versions considered all vertices.

Deprecated:

  • Using cutoff=0 for closeness(), betweenness() and edge_betweenness() is deprecated; if you want exact scores, use a negative cutoff. cutoff=0 will be interpreted literally from igraph 1.4.0.
  • centr_degree_tmax() now prints a warning when it is invoked without an explicit loops argument. loops will be mandatory from igraph 1.4.0.
  • The nexus_list(), nexus_info(), nexus_get() and nexus_search() functions now return an error informing the user that the Nexus graph repository has been taken offline (actually, several years ago). These functions will be removed in 1.4.0.
  • The edges argument of as_adjacency_matrix() is deprecated; it will be removed in igraph 1.4.0.

Removed:

  • The deprecated page_rank_old() function and the deprecated power method of page_rank() were removed.

igraph 1.2.11

CRAN release: 2022-01-04

Dec 27, 2021

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.10

CRAN release: 2021-12-15

Dec 14, 2021

Fixed:

  • The macOS versions of igraph were accidentally built without GraphML support on CRAN; this should now be fixed.

igraph 1.2.9

CRAN release: 2021-11-23

Nov 22, 2021

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.8

CRAN release: 2021-11-07

Oct 26, 2021

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.7

CRAN release: 2021-10-15

Oct 15, 2021

The C core is updated to 0.8.5, fixing a range of bugs and introducing a number of new functions.

Added:

  • cluster_leiden added (#399).
  • cluster_fluid_communities added (#454)

Fixed:

  • make_lattice() correctly rounds length to the nearest integer while printing a warning (#115).
  • make_empty_graph(NULL) now prints an error instead of producing an invalid graph (#404).
  • make_graph(c()) now produces an empty graph instead of printing a misleading error message (#431).
  • Printing a graph where some edges have NA as the names of both endpoints does not produce a misleading error message any more (#410).
  • The types argument of functions related to bipartite graphs now prints a warning when the types are coerced to booleans (#476).
  • Betweenness normalisation no longer overflows (#442).
  • layout_with_sugiyama() returns a layout of type matrix even if there is only one vertex in the graph (#408).
  • Plotting a null graph (i.e. a graph with no vertices) does not throw an error any more (#387).

Deprecated:

  • The membership argument of modularity.matrix() is now deprecated as the function never needed it anyway.
  • modularity() now prints a warning when it is applied on a directed graph because the implementation in igraph’s C core does not support directed graphs as of version 0.8.5. The warning will be turned into an error in the next minor (1.3.0) version of the R interface; the error will be removed later when the C core is updated to a version that supports modularity for directed networks.
  • transitivity() now prints a warning when its local variant (type="local") is called on a directed graph or a graph with multiple edges beecause the implementation in the C core of igraph does not work reliably in these cases as of version 0.8.5. The warning will be turned into an error in the next minor (1.3.0) version of the R interface; the error will be removed later when the C core is updated to a version that supports transitivity for networks with multiple edges.

Misc:

  • Documentation improvements.

igraph 1.2.6

CRAN release: 2020-10-06

Oct 5, 2020

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.5

CRAN release: 2020-03-19

Mar 27, 2020

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.4

CRAN release: 2019-02-13

Feb 13, 2019

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.3

CRAN release: 2019-02-10

Jan 27, 2019

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.2

CRAN release: 2018-07-27

Jul 27, 2018

No user visible changes.

igraph 1.2.1

CRAN release: 2018-03-10

  • The GLPK library is optional, if it is not available, then the cluster_optimal() function does not work. Unfortunately we cannot bundle the GLPK library into igraph on CRAN any more, because CRAN maintainers forbid the pragmas in its source code.
  • Removed the NMF package dependency, and related functions.
  • Fix compilation without libxml2

igraph 1.1.2

CRAN release: 2017-07-21

Jul 20, 2017

  • Fix compilation on Solaris

igraph 1.1.1

CRAN release: 2017-07-16

Jul 13, 2017

  • Graph id is printed in the header, and a graph_id function was added
  • Fix edge_attr for some index values
  • Fix a bfs() bug, restricted argument was zero-based
  • match_vertices is exported now
  • %>% is re-exported in a better way, to avoid interference with other packages
  • ego_ functions default to order = 1 now
  • New function igraph_with_opt to run code with temporary igraph options settings
  • Fix broken sample_asym_pref function
  • Fix curve_multiple to avoid warnings for graphs with self-loops.
  • The NMF package is only suggested now, it is not a hard dependency
  • Fix gen_uid.c _SVID_SOURCE issues
  • Avoid drawing straight lines as Bezier curves
  • Use the pkgconfig package for options. This allows setting options on a per-package basis. E.g. a package using igraph can set return.vs.es to FALSE in its .onLoad() function, and then igraph will return plain numeric vectors instead of vertex/edge sequences if called from this package.
  • igraph_options() returns the old values of the updated options, this is actually useful, returning the new values was not.
  • with_igraph_opt() function to temporarily change values of igraph options.
  • get.edge() is deprecated, use ends() instead. (This was already the case for igraph 1.0.0, but we forgot to add a NEWS point for it.)
  • Do not redefine .Call(), to make native calls faster.
  • Speed up special cases of indexing vertex sequences.
  • Removed an anyNA() call, to be compatible with older R versions.
  • Fixed a fast-greedy community finding bug, https://github.com/igraph/igraph/issues/836
  • Fixed head_of() and tail_of(), they were mixed up.
  • Plot: make label.dist independent of label lengths, fixes #63.
  • Plot: no error for unknown graphical parameters.
  • Import functions from base packages, to eliminate R CMD check NOTEs.
  • Re-add support for edge weights in Fruchterman-Reingold layout
  • Check membership vector in modularity().
  • Rename str.igraph() to print_all().
  • Use the igraph version in exported graphs, instead of @VERSION@ #75.
  • Functions that can be used inside a V() or E() indexing now begin with a dot. Old names are deprecated. New names: .nei(), .innei(), .outnei(), .inc(), .from(), .to(). #22
  • Fix packages that convert graphs to graph::graphNEL: they don’t need to attach ‘graph’ manually any more.
  • Fix a bugs in layout_with_dh, layout_with_gem and layout_with_sugiyama. They crashed in some cases.

igraph 1.0.1

CRAN release: 2015-06-26

June 26, 2015

Some minor updates:

  • Documentation fixes.
  • Do not require a C++-11 compiler any more.
  • Fedora, Solaris and Windows compilation fixes.

igraph 1.0.0

CRAN release: 2015-06-24

June 21, 2015

Release notes

This is a new major version of igraph, and then why not call it 1.0.0. This does not mean that it is ready, it’ll never be ready.

The biggest changes in the release are - the new function names. Most functions were renamed to make them more consistent and readable. (Relax, old names can still be used, no need to update any code.) - Better operations for vertex and edge sequences. Most functions return proper vertex/edge sequences instead of numeric ids. - The versatile make_() and make_graph() functions to create graphs.

Major changes

  • Many functions were renamed. Old names are not documented, but can still be used.
  • A generic make_graph() function to create graphs.
  • A generic layout_() (not the underscore!) function to create graph layouts, see also add_layout_().
  • The igraph data type has changed. You need to call upgrade_graph() on graphs created with previous igraph versions.
  • Vertex and edge sequence operations: union, intersection, etc.
  • Vertex and edge sequences can only be used with the graphs they belong to. This is now strictly checked.
  • Most functions that return a (sub)set of vertices or edges return vertex or edge sequences instead.
  • Vertex and edge sequences have a [[ operator now, for easy viewing of vertex/edge metadata.
  • Vertex and edge sequences are implemented as weak references. See also the as_ids() function to convert them to simple ids.
  • Vertex order can be specified for the circle layout now.
  • Davidson-Harel layout algorithm layout_with_dh().
  • GEM layout algorithm layout_with_gem().
  • Neighborhood functions have a mindist parameter for the smallest distance to consider.
  • all_simple_paths() function to list all simple paths in a graph.
  • triangles() lists all triangles in a graph.
  • Fruchterman-Reingold and Kamada-Kawai layout algorithms rewritten from scratch. They are much faster and follow the original publications closely.
  • Nicer printing of graphs, vertex and edge sequences.
  • local_scan() function calculates scan statistics.
  • Embeddings: embed_adjacency_matrix() and embed_laplacian_matrix().
  • Product operator: *, the same graph multiple times. Can be also used as rep().
  • Better default colors, color palettes for vertices.
  • Random walk on a graph: random_walk()
  • adjacent_vertices() and incident_edges() functions, they are vectorized, as opposed to neighhors() and incident().
  • Convert a graph to a long data frame with as_long_data_frame().

Bug fixes

Too many to list. Please try if your issue was fixed and (re-)report it if not. Thanks!

igraph 0.7.1

CRAN release: 2014-04-22

April 21, 2014

Release Notes

Some bug fixes, to make sure that the code included in ‘Statistical Analysis of Network Data with R’ works. See https://github.com/kolaczyk/sand

Detailed changes:

  • Graph drawing: fix labels of curved edges, issue #181.
  • Graph drawing: allow fixing edge labels at given positions, issue #181.
  • Drop the ‘type’ vertex attribute after bipartite projection, the projections are not bipartite any more, issue #255.
  • Print logical attributes in header properly (i.e. encoded by l, not x, which is for complex attributes. Issue #578.
  • Add a constructor for communities objects, see create.communities(). Issue #547.
  • Better error handling in the GraphML parser.
  • GraphML reader is a bit more lenient now; makes it possible to read GraphML files saved from yWorks apps.
  • Fixed a bug in constaint(), issue #580.
  • Bipartite projection now detects invalid edges instead of giving a cryptic error, issue #543.
  • Fixed the simplify argument of graph.formula(), which was broken, issue #586.
  • The function crossing() adds better names to the result, fixes issue #587.
  • The sir() function gives an error if the input graph is not simple, fixes issue #582.
  • Calling igraph functions from igraph callbacks is not allowed now, fixes issue #571.

igraph 0.7.0

CRAN release: 2014-02-05

February 4, 2014

Release Notes

There are a bunch of new features in the library itself, and other important changes in the life of the project. Thanks everyone for sending code and reporting bugs!

igraph @ github

igraph’s development has moved from Launchpad to github. This has actually happened several month ago, but never announced officially. The place for reporting bugs is at https://github.com/igraph/igraph/issues.

New homepage

igraph’s homepage is now hosted at http://igraph.org, and it is brand new. We wanted to make it easier to use and modern.

Better nightly downloads

You can download nightly builds from igraph at http://igraph.org/nightly. Source and binary R packages (for windows and OSX), are all built.

New features and bug fixes

  • Added a demo for hierarchical random graphs, invoke it via demo(hrg).
  • Make attribute prefixes optional when writing a GraphML file.
  • Added function mod.matrix().
  • Support edge weights in leading eigenvector community detection.
  • Added the LAD library for checking (sub)graph isomorphism, version 1.
  • Logical attributes.
  • Added layout.bipartite() function, a simple two-column layout for bipartite graphs.
  • Support incidence matrices in bipartite Pajek files.
  • Pajek files in matrix format are now directed by default, unless they are bipartite.
  • Support weighted (and signed) networks in Pajek when file is in matrix format.
  • Fixed a bug in barabasi.game(), algorithm psumtree-multiple just froze.
  • Function layout.mds() by default returns a layout matrix now.
  • Added support for Boolean attributes in the GraphML and GML readers and writer.
  • Change MDS layout coordinates, first dim is according to first eigenvalue, etc.
  • plot.communities() (plot.igraph(), really) draws a border around the marked groups by default.
  • printing graphs now converts the name graph attribute to character
  • Convenience functions to query and set all attributes at once: vertex.attriubutes(), graph.attributes() and edge.attributes().
  • Function graph.disjoint.union() handles attributes now.
  • Rewrite graph.union() to handle attributes properly.
  • rewire(): now supports the generation and destruction of loops.
  • Erdos-Renyi type bipartite random graphs: bipartite.random.game().
  • Support the new options (predecessors and inbound_edges) of get_shortest_paths(), reorganized the output of get.shortest.paths() completely.
  • Added graphlets() and related functions.
  • Fix modularity values of multilevel community if there are no merges at all.
  • Fixed bug when deleting edges with FALSE in the matrix notation.
  • Fix bonpow() and alpha.centrality() and make sure that the sparse solver is called.
  • tkplot() news: enable setting coordinates from the command line via tkplot.setcoords() and access to the canvas via tkplot.canvas().
  • Fixed a potential crash in igraph_edge_connectivity(), because of an un-initialized variable in the C code.
  • Avoiding overflow in closeness() and related functions.
  • Check for NAs after converting ‘type’ to logical in bipartite.projection().
  • graphNEL conversion functions only load the ‘graph’ package if it was not loaded before and they load it at the end of the search path, to minimize conflicts.
  • Fixed a bug when creating graphs from adjacency matrices, we now convert them to double, in case they are integers.
  • Fixed an invalid memory read (and a potential crash) in the infomap community detection.
  • Fixed a memory leak in the functions with attribute combinations.
  • Removed some memory leaks from the SCG functions.
  • Fixed some memory leaks in the ray tracer.
  • Fixed memory leak in graph.bfs() and graph.dfs().
  • Fix a bug in triad census that set the first element of the result to NaN.
  • Fixed a crash in is.chordal().
  • Fixed a bug in weighted modularity calculation, sum of the weights was truncated to an integer.
  • Fixed a bug in weighted multilevel communtiies, the maximum weight was rounded to an integer.
  • Fixed a bug in centralization.closeness.tmax().
  • Reimplement push-relabel maximum flow with gap heuristics.
  • Maximum flow functions now return some statistics about the push relabel algorithm steps.
  • Function arpack() now gives error message if unknown options are given.
  • Fixed missing whitespace in Pajek writer when the ID attribute was numeric.
  • Fixed a bug that caused the GML reader to crash when the ID attribute was non-numeric.
  • Fixed issue #500, potential segfault if the two graphs in BLISS differ in the number of vertices or edges.
  • Added igraphtest() function.
  • Fix dyad census instability, sometimes incorrect results were reported.
  • Dyad census detects integer overflow now and gives a warning.
  • Function add.edges() does not allow now zeros in the vertex set.
  • Added a function to count the number of adjacent triangles: adjacent.triangles().
  • Added graph.eigen() function, eigenproblems on adjacency matrices.
  • Added some workarounds for functions that create a lot of graphs, decompose.graph() and graph.neighborhood() use it. Fixes issue #508.
  • Added weights support for optimal.community(), closes #511.
  • Faster maximal clique finding.
  • Added a function to count maximum cliques.
  • Set operations: union, intersection, disjoint, union, difference, compose now work based on vertex names (if they are present) and keep attributes, closes #20.
  • Removed functions graph.intersection.by.name(), graph.union.by.name(), graph.difference.by.name().
  • The + operator on graphs now calls graph.union() if both argument graphs are named, and calls graph.disjoint.union() otherwise.
  • Added function igraph.version().
  • Generate graphs from a stochastic block model: sbm.game().
  • Do not suggest the stats, XML, jpeg and png packages any more.
  • Fixed a set.vertex/edge.attribute bug that changed both graph objects, after copying (#533)
  • Fixed a bug in barabasi.game that caused crashes.
  • We use PRPACK to calculate PageRank scores see https://github.com/dgleich/prpack
  • Added'which argument to bipartite.projection (#307).
  • Add normalized argument to closeness functions, fixes issue #3.
  • R: better handling of complex attributes, [[ on vertex/edge sets, fixes #231.
  • Implement the start argument in hrg.fit (#225).
  • Set root vertex in Reingold-Tilford layout, solves #473.
  • Fix betweenness normalization for directed graphs.
  • Fixed a bug in graph.density that resulted in incorrect values for undirected graphs with loops
  • Fixed a bug when many graphs were created in one C call (e.g. by graph.decompose), causing #550.
  • Fixed sparse graph.adjacency bugs for graphs with one edge, and graphs with zero edges.
  • Fixed a bug that made Bellman-Ford shortest paths calculations fail.
  • Fixed a graph.adjacency bug for undirected, weighted graphs and sparse matrices.
  • main, sub, xlab and ylab are proper graphics parameters now (#555).
  • graph.data.frame coerces arguments to data frame (#557).
  • Fixed a minimum cut bug for weighted undirected graphs (#564).
  • Functions for simulating epidemics (SIR model) on networks, see the sir function.
  • Fixed argument ordering in graph.mincut and related functions.
  • Avoid copying attributes in query functions and print (#573), these functions are much faster now for graphs with many vertices/edges and attributes.
  • Speed up writing GML and GraphML files, if some attributes are integer. It was really-really slow.
  • Fix multiple root vertices in graph.bfs (#575).

igraph 0.6.6

CRAN release: 2013-10-28

Released Oct 28, 2013

Some bugs fixed:

  • Fixed a potential crash in the infomap.community() function.
  • Various fixed for the operators that work on vertex names (#136).
  • Fixed an example in the arpack() manual page.
  • arpack() now gives error message if unknown options are supplied (#492).
  • Better arpack() error messages.
  • Fixed missing whitespace in Pajek writer when ID attribute was numeric.
  • Fixed dyad census instability, sometimes incorrect results were reported (#496).
  • Fixed a bug that caused the GML reader to crash when the ID attribute was non-numeric
  • Fixed a potential segfault if the two graphs in BLISS differ in the number of vertices or edges (#500).
  • Added the igraphtest() function to run tests from R (#485).
  • Dyad census detects integer overflow now and gives a warning (#497).
  • R: add.edges() does not allow now zeros in the vertex set (#503).
  • Add C++ namespace to the files that didn’t have one. Fixes some incompatibility with other packages (e.g. rgl) and mysterious crashes (#523).
  • Fixed a bug that caused a side effect in set.vertex.attributes(), set.edge.attributes() and set.graph.attributes() (#533).
  • Fixed a bug in degree.distribution() and cluster.distribution() (#257).

igraph 0.6.5-2

CRAN release: 2013-05-23

Released May 16, 2013

Worked two CRAN check problems, and a gfortran bug (string bound checking does not work if code is called from C and without string length arguments at the “right” place).

Otherwise identical to 0.6.5-1.

igraph 0.6.5-1

CRAN release: 2013-02-28

Released February 27, 2013

Fixing an annoying bug, that broke two other packages on CRAN:

  • Setting graph attributes failed sometimes, if the attributes were lists or other complex objects.

igraph 0.6.5

CRAN release: 2013-02-25

Released February 24, 2013

This is a minor release, to fix some very annoying bugs in 0.6.4:

  • igraph should now work well with older R versions.
  • Eliminate gap between vertex and edge when plotting an edge without an arrow. Fixes #1118448.
  • Fixed an out-of-bounds array indexing error in the DrL layout, that potentially caused crashes.
  • Fixed a crash in weighted betweenness calculation.
  • Plotting: fixed a bug that caused misplaced arrows at rectangle vertex shapes.

igraph 0.6.4

CRAN release: 2013-02-04

Released February 2, 2013

The version number is not a mistake, we jump to 0.6.4 from 0.6, for technical reasons. This version was actually never really released, but some R packages of this version were uploaded to CRAN, so we include this version in this NEW file.

New features and bug fixes

  • Added a vertex shape API for defining new vertex shapes, and also a couple of new vertex shapes.

  • Added the get.data.frame() function, opposite of graph.data.frame().

  • Added bipartite support to the Pajek reader and writer, closes bug #1042298.

  • degree.sequence.game() has a new method now: “simple_no_multiple”.

  • Added the is.degree.sequence() and is.graphical.degree.sequence() functions.

  • rewire() has a new method: “loops”, that can create loop edges.

  • Walktrap community detection now handles isolates.

  • layout.mds() returns a layout matrix now.

  • layout.mds() uses LAPACK instead of ARPACK.

  • Handle the ‘~’ character in write.graph and read.graph. Bug #1066986.

  • Added k.regular.game().

  • Use vertex names to plot if no labels are specified in the function call or as vertex attributes. Fixes issue #1085431.

  • power.law.fit() can now use a C implementation.

  • Fixed a bug in barabasi.game() when out.seq was an empty vector.

  • Fixed a bug that made functions with a progress bar fail if called from another package.

  • Fixed a bug when creating graphs from a weighted integer adjacency matrix via graph.adjacency(). Bug #1019624.

  • Fixed overflow issues in centralization calculations.

  • Fixed a minimal.st.separators() bug, some vertex sets were incorrectly reported as separators. Bug #1033045.

  • Fixed a bug that mishandled vertex colors in VF2 isomorphism functions. Bug #1032819.

  • Pajek exporter now always quotes strings, thanks to Elena Tea Russo.

  • Fixed a bug with handling small edge weights in shortest paths calculation in shortest.paths() (Dijkstra’s algorithm.) Thanks to Martin J Reed.

  • Weighted transitivity uses V(graph) as ‘vids’ if it is NULL.

  • Fixed a bug when ‘pie’ vertices were drawn together with other vertex shapes.

  • Speed up printing graphs.

  • Speed up attribute queries and other basic operations, by avoiding copying of the graph. Bug #1043616.

  • Fixed a bug in the NCV setting for ARPACK functions. It cannot be bigger than the matrix size.

  • layout.merge()’s DLA mode has better defaults now.

  • Fixed a bug in layout.mds() that resulted vertices on top of each other.

  • Fixed a bug in layout.spring(), it was not working properly.

  • Fixed layout.svd(), which was completely defunct.

  • Fixed a bug in layout.graphopt() that caused warnings and on some platforms crashes.

  • Fixed community.to.membership(). Bug #1022850.

  • Fixed a graph.incidence() crash if it was called with a non-matrix argument.

  • Fixed a get.shortest.paths bug, when output was set to “both”.

  • Motif finding functions return NA for isomorphism classes that are not motifs (i.e. not connected). Fixes bug #1050859.

  • Fixed get.adjacency() when attr is given, and the attribute has some complex type. Bug #1025799.

  • Fixed attribute name in graph.adjacency() for dense matrices. Bug #1066952.

  • Fixed erratic behavior of alpha.centrality().

  • Fixed igraph indexing, when attr is given. Bug #1073705.

  • Fixed a bug when calculating the largest cliques of a directed graph. Bug #1073800.

  • Fixed a bug in the maximal clique search, closes #1074402.

  • Warn for negative weights when calculating PageRank.

  • Fixed dense, unweighted graph.adjacency when diag=FALSE. Closes issue #1077425.

  • Fixed a bug in eccentricity() and radius(), the results were often simply wrong.

  • Fixed a bug in get.all.shortest.paths() when some edges had zero weight.

  • graph.data.frame() is more careful when vertex names are numbers, to avoid their scientific notation. Fixes issue #1082221.

  • Better check for NAs in vertex names. Fixes issue #1087215

  • Fixed a potential crash in the DrL layout generator.

  • Fixed a bug in the Reingold-Tilford layout when the graph is directed and mode != ALL.

igraph 0.6

CRAN release: 2012-06-14

Released June 11, 2012

See also the release notes at http://igraph.sf.net/relnotes-0.6.html

R: Major new features

  • Vertices and edges are numbered from 1 instead of 0. Note that this makes most of the old R igraph code incompatible with igraph 0.6. If you want to use your old code, please use the igraph0 package. See more at http://igraph.sf.net/relnotes-0.6.html.
  • The ‘[’ and ‘[[’ operators can now be used on igraph graphs, for ‘[’ the graph behaves as an adjacency matrix, for ‘[[’ is is treated as an adjacency list. It is also much simpler to manipulate the graph structure, i.e. add/remove edges and vertices, with some new operators. See more at ?graph.structure.
  • In all functions that take a vector or list of vertices or edges, vertex/edge names can be given instead of the numeric ids.
  • New package ‘igraphdata’, contains a number of data sets that can be used directly in igraph.
  • Igraph now supports loading graphs from the Nexus online data repository, see nexus.get(), nexus.info(), nexus.list() and nexus.search().
  • All the community structure finding algorithm return a ‘communities’ object now, which has a bunch of useful operations, see ?communities for details.
  • Vertex and edge attributes are handled much better now. They are kept whenever possible, and can be combined via a flexible API. See ?attribute.combination.
  • R now prints igraph graphs to the screen in a more structured and informative way. The output of summary() was also updated accordingly.

R: Other new features

  • It is possible to mark vertex groups on plots, via shading. Communities and cohesive blocks are plotted using this by default.
  • Some igraph demos are now available, see a list via ‘demo(package=“igraph”)’.
  • igraph now tries to select the optimal layout algorithm, when plotting a graph.
  • Added a simple console, using Tcl/Tk. It contains a text area for status messages and also a status bar. See igraph.console().
  • Reimplemented igraph options support, see igraph.options() and getIgraphOpt().
  • Igraph functions can now print status messages.

R: New or updated functions

Community detection

  • The multi-level modularity optimization community structure detection algorithm by Blondel et al. was added, see multilevel.community().
  • Distance between two community structures: compare.communities().
  • Community structure via exact modularity optimization, optimal.community().
  • Hierarchical random graphs and community finding, porting the code from Aaron Clauset. See hrg.game(), hrg.fit(), etc.
  • Added the InfoMAP community finding method, thanks to Emmanuel Navarro for the code. See infomap.community().

Shortest paths

  • Eccentricity (eccentricity()), and radius (radius()) calculations.
  • Shortest path calculations with get.shortest.paths() can now return the edges along the shortest paths.
  • get.all.shortest.paths() now supports edge weights.

Centrality

  • Centralization scores for degree, closeness, betweenness and eigenvector centrality. See centralization.scores().
  • Personalized Page-Rank scores, see page.rank().
  • Subgraph centrality, subgraph.centrality().
  • Authority (authority.score()) and hub (hub.score()) scores support edge weights now.
  • Support edge weights in betweenness and closeness calculations.
  • bonpow(), Bonacich’s power centrality and alpha.centrality(), Alpha centrality calculations now use sparse matrices by default.
  • Eigenvector centrality calculation, evcent() now works for directed graphs.
  • Betweenness calculation can now use arbitrarily large integers, this is required for some lattice-like graphs to avoid overflow.

Input/output and file formats

Plotting and layouts

  • Star layout: layout.star().
  • Layout based on multidimensional scaling, layout.mds().
  • New layouts layout.grid() and layout.grid.3d().
  • Sugiyama layout algorithm for layered directed acyclic graphs, layout.sugiyama().

Graph generators

  • New graph generators: static.fitness.game(), static.power.law.game().
  • barabasi.game() was rewritten and it supports three algorithms now, the default algorithm does not generate multiple or loop edges. The graph generation process can now start from a supplied graph.
  • The Watts-Strogatz graph generator, igraph_watts_strogatz() can now create graphs without loop edges.

Others

  • Added the Spectral Coarse Graining algorithm, see scg().
  • The cohesive.blocks() function was rewritten in C, it is much faster now. It has a nicer API, too. See demo(“cohesive”).
  • Added generic breadth-first and depth-first search implementations with many callbacks, graph.bfs() and graph_dfs().
  • Support vertex and edge coloring in the VF2 (sub)graph isomorphism functions (graph.isomorphic.vf2(), graph.count.isomorphisms.vf2(), graph.get.isomorphisms.vf2(), graph.subisomorphic.vf2(), graph.count.subisomorphisms.vf2(), graph.get.subisomorphisms.vf2()).
  • Assortativity coefficient, assortativity(), assortativity.nominal() and assortativity.degree().
  • Vertex operators that work by vertex names: graph.intersection.by.name(), graph.union.by.name(), graph.difference.by.name(). Thanks to Magnus Torfason for contributing his code!
  • Function to calculate a non-induced subgraph: subgraph.edges().
  • More comprehensive maximum flow and minimum cut calculation, see functions graph.maxflow(), graph.mincut(), stCuts(), stMincuts().
  • Check whether a directed graph is a DAG, is.dag().
  • has.multiple() to decide whether a graph has multiple edges.
  • Added a function to calculate a diversity score for the vertices, graph.diversity().
  • Graph Laplacian calculation (graph.laplacian()) supports edge weights now.
  • Biconnected component calculation, biconnected.components() now returns the components themselves.
  • bipartite.projection() calculates multiplicity of edges.
  • Maximum cardinality search: maximum.cardinality.search() and chordality test: is.chordal()
  • Convex hull computation, convex.hull().
  • Contract vertices, contract.vertices().

igraph 0.5.3

CRAN release: 2009-11-22

Released November 22, 2009

Bugs corrected in the R interface

  • Some small changes to make ‘R CMD check’ clean
  • Fixed a bug in graph.incidence, the ‘directed’ and ‘mode’ arguments were not handled correctly
  • Betweenness and edge betweenness functions work for graphs with many shortest paths now (up to the limit of long long int)
  • When compiling the package, the configure script fails if there is no C compiler available
  • igraph.from.graphNEL creates the right number of loop edges now
  • Fixed a bug in bipartite.projection() that caused occasional crashes on some systems

igraph 0.5.2

CRAN release: 2009-04-14

Released April 10, 2009

See also the release notes at http://igraph.sf.net/relnotes-0.5.2.html

New in the R interface

  • Added progress bar support to beweenness() and betweenness.estimate(), layout.drl()
  • Speeded up betweenness estimation
  • Speeded up are.connected()
  • Johnson’s shortest paths algorithm added
  • shortest.paths() has now an ‘algorithm’ argument to choose from the various implementations manually
  • Always quote symbolic vertex names when printing graphs or edges
  • Average nearest neighbor degree calculation, graph.knn()
  • Weighted degree (also called strength) calculation, graph.strength()
  • Some new functions to support bipartite graphs: graph.bipartite(), is.bipartite(), get.incidence(), graph.incidence(), bipartite.projection(), bipartite.projection.size()
  • Support for plotting curved edges with plot.igraph() and tkplot()
  • Added support for weighted graphs in alpha.centrality()
  • Added the label propagation community detection algorithm by Raghavan et al., label.propagation.community()
  • cohesive.blocks() now has a ‘cutsetHeuristic’ argument to choose between two cutset algorithms
  • Added a function to “unfold” a tree, unfold.tree()
  • New tkplot() arguments to change the drawing area
  • Added a minimal GUI, invoke it with tkigraph()
  • The DrL layout generator, layout.drl() has a three dimensional mode now.

Bugs corrected in the R interface

  • Fixed a bug in VF2 graph isomorphism functions
  • Fixed a bug when a sparse adjacency matrix was requested in get.adjacency() and the graph was named
  • VL graph generator in degree.sequence.game() checks now that the sum of the degrees is even
  • Many fixes for supporting various compilers, e.g. GCC 4.4 and Sun’s C compiler
  • Fixed memory leaks in graph.automorphisms(), Bellman-Ford shortest.paths(), independent.vertex.sets()
  • Fix a bug when a graph was imported from LGL and exported to NCOL format (#289596)
  • cohesive.blocks() creates its temporary file in the session temporary directory
  • write.graph() and read.graph() now give error messages when unknown arguments are given
  • The GraphML reader checks the name of the attributes to avoid adding a duplicate ‘id’ attribute
  • It is possible to change the ‘ncv’ ARPACK parameter for leading.eigenvector.community()
  • Fixed a bug in path.length.hist(), ‘unconnected’ was wrong for unconnected and undirected graphs
  • Better handling of attribute assingment via iterators, this is now also clarified in the manual
  • Better error messages for unknown vertex shapes
  • Make R package unload cleanly if unloadNamespace() is used
  • Fixed a bug in plotting square shaped vertices (#325244)
  • Fixed a bug in graph.adjacency() when the matrix is a sparse matrix of class “dgTMatrix”

igraph 0.5.1

CRAN release: 2008-07-12

Released July 14, 2008

See also the release notes at http://igraph.sf.net/relnotes-0.5.1.html

New in the R interface

  • A new layout generator called DrL.
  • Uniform sampling of random connected undirected graphs with a given degree sequence.
  • Edge labels are plotted at 1/3 of the edge, this is better if the graph has mutual edges.
  • Initial and experimental vertex shape support in ‘plot’.
  • New function, ‘graph.adjlist’ creates igraph graphs from adjacency lists.
  • Conversion to/from graphNEL graphs, from the ‘graph’ R package.
  • Fastgreedy community detection can utilize edge weights now, this was missing from the R interface.
  • The ‘arrow.width’ graphical parameter was added.
  • graph.data.frame has a new argument ‘vertices’.
  • graph.adjacency and get.adjacency support sparse matrices, the ‘Matrix’ package is required to use this functionality.
  • graph.adjacency adds column/row names as ‘name’ attribute.
  • Weighted shortest paths using Dijkstra’s or the Belmann-Ford algorithm.
  • Shortest path functions return ‘Inf’ for unreachable vertices.
  • New function ‘is.mutual’ to find mutual edges in a directed graph.
  • Added inverse log-weighted similarity measure (a.k.a. Adamic/Adar similarity).
  • preference.game and asymmetric.preference.game were rewritten, they are O(|V|+|E|) now, instead of O(|V|^2).
  • Edge weight support in function ‘get.shortest.paths’, it uses Dijkstra’s algorithm.

Bugs corrected in the R interface

  • A bug was corrected in write.pajek.bgraph.
  • Several bugs were corrected in graph.adjacency.
  • Pajek reader bug corrected, used to segfault if ’*Vertices’ was missing.
  • Directedness is handled correctly when writing GML files. (But note that ‘correct’ conflicts the standard here.)
  • Corrected a bug when calculating weighted, directed PageRank on an undirected graph. (Which does not make sense anyway.)
  • Several bugs were fixed in the Reingold-Tilford layout to avoid edge crossings.
  • A bug was fixed in the GraphML reader, when the value of a graph attribute was not specified.
  • Fixed a bug in the graph isomorphism routine for small (3-4 vertices) graphs.
  • Corrected the random sampling implementation (igraph_random_sample), now it always generates unique numbers. This affects the Gnm Erdos-Renyi generator, it always generates simple graphs now.
  • The basic igraph constructor (igraph_empty_attrs, all functions are expected to call this internally) now checks whether the number of vertices is finite.
  • The LGL, NCOL and Pajek graph readers handle errors properly now.
  • The non-symmetric ARPACK solver returns results in a consistent form now.
  • The fast greedy community detection routine now checks that the graph is simple.
  • The LGL and NCOL parsers were corrected to work with all kinds of end-of-line encodings.
  • Hub & authority score calculations initialize ARPACK parameters now.
  • Fixed a bug in the Walktrap community detection routine, when applied to unconnected graphs.
  • Several small memory leaks were removed, and a big one from the Spinglass community structure detection function

igraph 0.5

CRAN release: 2008-02-13

Released February 14, 2008

See also the release notes at http://igraph.sf.net/relnotes-0.5.html

New in the R interface

  • The ‘rescale’, ‘asp’ and ‘frame’ graphical parameters were added

  • Create graphs from a formula notation (graph.formula)

  • Handle graph attributes properly

  • Calculate the actual minimum cut for undirected graphs

  • Adjacency lists, get.adjlist and get.adjedgelist added

  • Eigenvector centrality computation is much faster now

  • Proper R warnings, instead of writing the warning to the terminal

  • R checks graphical parameters now, the unknown ones are not just ignored, but an error message is given

  • plot.igraph has an ‘add’ argument now to compose plots with multiple graphs

  • plot.igraph supports the ‘main’ and ‘sub’ arguments

  • layout.norm is public now, it can normalize a layout

  • It is possible to supply startup positions to layout generators

  • Always free memory when CTRL+C/ESC is pressed, in all operating systems

  • plot.igraph can plot square vertices now, see the ‘shape’ parameter

  • graph.adjacency rewritten when creating weighted graphs

  • We use match.arg whenever possible. This means that character scalar options can be abbreviated and they are always case insensitive

  • VF2 graph isomorphism routines can check subgraph isomorphism now, and they are able to return matching(s)

  • The BLISS graph isomorphism algorithm is included in igraph now. See canonical.permutation, graph.isomorphic.bliss

  • We use ARPACK for eigenvalue/eigenvector calculation. This means that the following functions were rewritten: page.rank, leading.eigenvector.community.*, evcent. New functions based on ARPACK: hub.score, authority.score, arpack.

  • Edge weights for Fruchterman-Reingold layout (layout.fruchterman.reingold).

  • Line graph calculation (line.graph)

  • Kautz and de Bruijn graph generators (graph.kautz, graph.de.bruijn)

  • Support for writing graphs in DOT format

  • Jaccard and Dice similarity coefficients added (similarity.jaccard, similarity.dice)

  • Counting the multiplicity of edges (count.multiple)

  • The graphopt layout algorithm was added, layout.graphopt

  • Generation of “famous” graphs (graph.famous).

  • Create graphs from LCF notation (graph.cf).

  • Dyad census and triad cencus functions (dyad.census, triad.census)

  • Cheking for simple graphs (is.simple)

  • Create full citation networks (graph.full.citation)

  • Create a histogram of path lengths (path.length.hist)

  • Forest fire model added (forest.fire.game)

  • DIMACS reader can handle different file types now

  • Biconnected components and articulation points (biconnected.components, articulation.points)

  • Kleinberg’s hub and authority scores (hub.score, authority.score)

  • as.undirected handles attributes now

  • Geometric random graph generator (grg.game) can return the coordinates of the vertices

  • Function added to convert leading eigenvector community structure result to a membership vector (community.le.to.membership)

  • Weighted fast greedy community detection

  • Weighted page rank calculation

  • Functions for estimating closeness, betweenness, edge betweenness by introducing a cutoff for path lengths (closeness.estimate, betweenness.estimate, edge.betweenness.estimate)

  • Weighted modularity calculation

  • Function for permuting vertices (permute.vertices)

  • Betweenness and closeness calculations are speeded up

  • read.graph can handle all possible line terminators now ( , ,

  • Error handling was rewritten for walktrap community detection, the calculation can be interrupted now

  • The maxflow/mincut functions allow to supply NULL pointer for edge capacities, implying unit capacities for all edges

Bugs corrected in the R interface

  • Fixed a bug in cohesive.blocks, cohesive blocks were sometimes not calculated correctly

igraph 0.4.5

CRAN release: 2007-12-22

Released January 1, 2008

New: - Cohesive block finding in the R interface, thanks to Peter McMahan for contributing his code. See James Moody and Douglas R. White, 2003, in Structural Cohesion and Embeddedness: A Hierarchical Conception of Social Groups American Sociological Review 68(1):1-25 - Biconnected components and articulation points. - R interface: better printing of attributes. - R interface: graph attributes can be used via ‘$’.

Bug fixed: - Erdos-Renyi random graph generators rewritten.

igraph 0.4.4

CRAN release: 2007-10-03

Released October 3, 2007

This release should work seamlessly with the new R 2.6.0 version. Some other bugs were also fixed: - A bug was fixed in the Erdos-Renyi graph generator, which sometimes added an extra vertex.

igraph 0.4.3

CRAN release: 2007-08-09

Released August 13, 2007

The next one in the sequence of bugfix releases. Thanks to many people sending bug reports. Here are the changes: - Some memory leaks removed when using attributes from R or Python. - GraphML parser: entities and character data in multiple chunks are now handled correctly. - A bug corrected in edge betweenness community structure detection, it failed if called many times from the same program/session. - Edge betweeness community structure: handle unconnected graphs properly. - Fixed bug related to fast greedy community detection in unconnected graphs. - Use a different kind of parser (Push) for reading GraphML files. This is almost invisible for users but fixed a nondeterministic bug when reading in GraphML files. - R interface: plot now handles properly if called with a vector as the edge.width argument for directed graphs. - R interface: bug (typo) corrected for walktrap.community and weighted graphs.

igraph 0.4.2

CRAN release: 2007-06-06

Released June 7, 2007

This is another bugfix release, as there was a serious bug in the R package of the previous version: it could not read and write graphs to files in any format under MS Windows.

Some other bits added: - circular Reingold-Tilford layout generator for trees - corrected a bug, Pajek files are written properly under MS Windows now. - arrow.size graphical edge parameter added in the R interface.

igraph 0.4.1

CRAN release: 2007-05-23

Released May 23, 2007

This is a minor release, it corrects a number of bugs, mostly in the R package.

igraph 0.4

CRAN release: 2007-05-21

Released May 21, 2007

The major new additions in this release is a bunch of community detection algorithms and support for the GML file format. Here is the complete list of changes:

New in the R interface

  • as the internal representation changed, graphs stored with ‘save’ with an older igraph version cannot be read back with the new version reliably.

  • neighbors returns ordered lists

  • is.loop and is.multiple were added

  • topological sorting

  • VF2 isomorphism algorithm

  • support for reading graphs from the Graph Database for isomorphism

  • graph.mincut can calculate the actual minimum cut

  • girth calculation added, thanks to Keith Briggs

  • support for reading and writing GML files

  • Walktrap community detection algorithm added, thanks to Matthieu Latapy and Pascal Pons

  • edge betweenness based community detection algorithm added

  • fast greedy algorithm for community detection by Clauset et al. added thanks to Aaron Clauset for sharing his code

  • leading eigenvector community detection algorithm by Mark Newman added

  • functions for creating dendrograms from the output of the community detection algorithms added

  • community.membership supporting function added, creates a membership vector from a community structure merge tree

  • modularity calculation added

  • graphics parameter handling is completely rewritten, uniform handling of colors and fonts, make sure you read ?igraph.plotting

  • new plotting parameter for edges: arrow.mode

  • a bug corrected when playing a nonlinear barabasi.game

  • better looking plotting in 3d using rglplot: edges are 3d too

  • rglplot layout is allowed to be two dimensional now

  • rglplot suspends updates while drawing, this makes it faster

  • loop edges are correctly plotted by all three plotting functions

  • better printing of attributes when printing graphs

  • summary of a graph prints attribute names

  • is.igraph rewritten to make it possible to inherit from the ‘igraph’ class

  • somewhat better looking progress meter for functions which support it

Others

  • many functions benefit from the new internal representation and are faster now: transitivity, reciprocity, graph operator functions like intersection and union, etc.

Bugs corrected

  • corrected a bug when reading Pajek files: directed graphs were read as undirected

igraph 0.3.2

CRAN release: 2006-12-14

Released Dec 19, 2006

This is a new major release, it contains many new things:

Changes in the R interface

  • bonpow function ported from SNA to calculate Bonacich power centrality
  • get.adjacency supports attributes now, this means that it sets the colnames and rownames attributes and can return attribute values in the matrix instead of 0/1
  • grg.game, geometric random graphs
  • graph.density, graph density calculation
  • edge and vertex attributes can be added easily now when added new edges with add.edges or new vertices with add.vertices
  • graph.data.frame creates graph from data frames, this can be used to create graphs with edge attributes easily
  • plot.igraph and tkplot can plot self-loop edges now
  • graph.edgelist to create a graph from an edge list, can also handle edge lists with symbolic names
  • get.edgelist has now a ‘names’ argument and can return symbolic vertex names instead of vertex ids, by default id uses the ‘name’ vertex attribute is returned
  • printing graphs on screen also prints symbolic symbolic names (the ‘name’ attribute if present)
  • maximum flow and minimum cut functions: graph.maxflow, graph.mincut
  • vertex and edge connectivity: edge.connectivity, vertex.connectivity
  • edge and vertex disjoint paths: edge.disjoint.paths, vertex.disjoint.paths
  • White’s cohesion and adhesion measure: graph.adhesion, graph.cohesion
  • dimacs file format added
  • as.directed handles attributes now
  • constraint corrected, it handles weighted graphs as well now
  • weighted attribute to graph.adjacency
  • spinglass-based community structure detection, the Joerg Reichardt – Stefan Bornholdt algorithm added: spinglass.community
  • graph.extended.chordal.ring, extended chordal ring generation
  • no.clusters calculates the number of clusters without calculating the clusters themselves
  • minimum spanning tree functions updated to keep attributes
  • transitivity can calculate local transitivity as well
  • neighborhood related functions added: neighborhood, neighborhood.size, graph.neighborhood
  • new graph generators based on vertex types: preference.game and asymmetric.preference.game

Bugs corrected

  • attribute handling bug when deleting edges corrected
  • GraphML escaping and NaN handling corrected
  • bug corrected to make it possible compile the R package without the libxml2 library
  • a bug in Erdos-Renyi graph generation corrected: it had problems with generating large directed graphs
  • bug in constraint calculation corrected, it works well now
  • fixed memory leaks in the GraphML reader
  • error handling bug corrected in the GraphML reader
  • bug corrected in R version of graph.laplacian when normalized Laplacian is requested
  • memory leak corrected in get.all.shortest.paths in the R package

igraph 0.2.1

CRAN release: 2006-08-24

Released Aug 23, 2006

This is a bug-fix release. Bugs fixed: - reciprocity corrected to avoid segfaults - some docs updates - various R package updates to make it conform to the CRAN rules

igraph 0.2

CRAN release: 2006-08-23

Released Aug 18, 2006

Release time at last! There are many new things in igraph 0.2, the most important ones: - reading writing Pajek and GraphML formats with attributes (not all Pajek and GraphML files are supported, see documentation for details) - the RANDEDU fast motif search algorithm is implemented - many new graph generators, both games and regular graphs - many new structural properties: transitivity, reciprocity, etc. - graph operators: union, intersection, difference, structural holes, etc. - conversion between directed and undirected graphs - new layout algorithms for trees and large graphs, 3D layouts and many more.

New things specifically in the R package: - support for CTRL+C - new functions: Graph Laplacian, Burt’s constraint, etc. - vertex/edge sequences totally rewritten, smart indexing (see manual) - new R manual and tutorial: `Network Analysis with igraph’, still under development but useful - very basic 3D plotting using OpenGL

Although this release was somewhat tested on Linux, MS Windows, Mac OSX, Solaris 8 and FreeBSD, no heavy testing was done, so it might contain bugs, and we kindly ask you to send bug reports to make igraph better.

igraph 0.1

Released Jan 30, 2006

After about a year of development this is the first “official” release of the igraph library. This release should be considered as beta software, but it should be useful in general. Please send your questions and comments.